Mammography is a specialized medical imaging technique that uses low-dose X-rays to create detailed images of the breast. It is primarily used as a screening tool to detect early signs of breast cancer, often before symptoms like lumps or pain are noticeable. The procedure involves compressing the breast between two plates to spread the tissue for clearer imaging, allowing radiologists to identify abnormalities such as masses, calcifications, or structural changes.

There are two main types of mammography: screening mammography, used routinely in women without symptoms, and diagnostic mammography, used when symptoms are present or after abnormal screening results. It is a key tool in women’s health care for early detection, which significantly improves the chances of successful treatment. While it may cause slight discomfort due to compression, the test is quick and can be lifesaving through early diagnosis.