A DEXA scan (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) is a specialized imaging technique used to measure bone mineral density (BMD). It works by sending two low-dose X-ray beams at different energy levels through the bones, typically targeting areas like the hip, spine, or forearm. By analyzing how much of each X-ray beam is absorbed by the bones, the scanner can determine their strength and density with high accuracy.

DEXA scans are primarily used to diagnose osteoporosis, a condition where bones become weak and brittle. They are also used to evaluate a person’s risk of fractures and to monitor changes in bone density over time, especially in people undergoing treatment for bone-related conditions. The procedure is quick, painless, and involves minimal radiation exposure.