X-ray is a widely used diagnostic imaging technique that employs high-energy electromagnetic waves to create images of the inside of the body. When X-rays pass through the body, different tissues absorb the rays in varying amounts—dense materials like bones absorb more and appear white on the image, while softer tissues absorb less and appear in shades of gray or black. This contrast allows doctors to examine bones, joints, and some internal organs for abnormalities.

X-rays are commonly used to detect bone fractures, infections, lung conditions, dental issues, and tumors. The procedure is usually quick, non-invasive, and painless. Although it involves exposure to a small amount of ionizing radiation, modern X-ray equipment is designed to use the lowest dose possible while still producing accurate images. Protective measures, like lead aprons, are often used to minimize exposure.